Bridging the stem-cell gap: Stanford researchers identify unique transition state

In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka , MD, PhD, turned the stem-cell world upside down when he showed it was possible to take mature, specialized cells such as those found in skin and convert them to a pluripotent state simply by exposing them to a few key proteins. The discovery earned Yamanaka the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 and sparked an explosion of stem-cell science.

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